Starting from the third week of March 2026, the mornings are returning as a meaningful moment that would open a new page in Myanmar’s political history. Throughout Myanmar’s long political journey, the parliament has played an important role as an institution representing the people. For some time, our parliamentary buildings remained silent and still, and now appear to be eagerly awaiting the moment when they will come alive once again.
The magnificent parliamentary halls, which were once filled with the echoes of parliamentary debates and deliberations, had remained quiet for a period of time. Yet now they seem ready to welcome the footsteps of representatives who will arrive from various constituencies. The wide roads, magnificent corridors and suspension bridge that once stood empty, the systematically constructed buildings, and the well-organized chambers all seem to proudly welcome the return of the people’s representatives.
Within the calm grandeur of the parliamentary buildings, the sight of people’s representatives entering one after another from different constituencies can be seen as a symbol of the revival of political processes. These scenes suggest not only the effective implementation of parliamentary responsibilities but also the increasing importance of cooperation with the public, especially with young people.
Thus, the parliamentary sessions that will resume starting from the third week of March 2026 accommodate discussions related to politics and the public interest, and parliamentarians’ hopes for important decisions, and policies that will benefit the people and the nation. Therefore, this article will discuss, from a policy perspective, how parliamentarians can cooperate with younger citizens in carrying out their responsibilities effectively.

Cooperation with Youth in Carrying Out the Responsibilities of Parliamentarians
The 2008 Constitution of Myanmar defines the important role of parliament and outlines the duties and powers of parliamentarians to represent the interests of the people. In implementing these responsibilities, cooperation with young people is a very important factor for the development of our society and our nation.
First, one of the primary duties of parliamentarians is to propose and enact policies and laws that prioritize the interests of the people. In order to make this process successful, meaningful participation of the public, especially attention to the voices and perspectives of the youth, is essential. Incorporating their experiences, views, and ideas into the legislative process can lead to policies that better address the social needs of future generations and respond to emerging trends. This approach also helps create a strong foundation for a positive social environment in our country.
Second, parliamentarians serve as a bridge between the government and the people. They must present the needs and challenges of their constituencies in parliament and seek timely solutions. In performing this duty, issues related to youth, such as education, employment, human trafficking, environmental protection, etc., can be addressed more effectively when parliamentarians work together with youths. By holding consultations and discussions with the youth of the country and youth organizations, their concerns, needs, and suggestions can effectively contribute to finding durable solutions.
Third, parliamentarians are responsible for the development of their constituencies. In carrying out this responsibility, cooperation with young people is essential for the successful implementation of development activities. Parliamentarians should encourage youth, together with community members, to participate in the planning, implementation, monitoring, and reporting of development projects. Nowadays, younger generations are particularly skilled in the use of technology, and they are proficient in digital platforms and social media. They can help parliamentarians collect public opinions and present them to parliament, as well as communicate more effectively with the public and media, and promote development initiatives to a wider audience.
Finally, parliamentarians can help young people gain a deeper understanding of citizens’ rights, responsibilities, and the principles of public accountability. Organizing training programmes, discussions and youth forums within their constituencies is important for promoting awareness of social values, the rule of law, and civic responsibility. However, direct coaching and mentorship are even more valuable in shaping informed and responsible future citizens.
Demonstration of good examples by a parliamentarian today will help create good leaders for the future. It is also important to make younger generations understand the fundamental values of leadership. In guiding emerging leaders, it is important to remember the old saying: “One must first be a good follower to become a good leader.” To become a good leader, individuals must first learn how to listen, collaborate, and take responsibility as followers.
Such experiences and guidance will enable youths of today to become responsible leaders capable of guiding and nurturing their future generations.
However, it should be noted that Gen Z are generally more independent, more analytical, and easier to disengage. They are more willing to challenge or resist unethical behaviour and practices. Therefore, parliamentarians who wish to lead by example should uphold strong ethical standards and cultivate accountable mindsets.

Acting with Ethical Standards
Parliamentarians are human beings, and like anyone else, they may find it difficult to resist the influence of power, position, and brown-nosers who constantly flatter them. There have been cases where parliamentary assistants were informally appointed and gradually became proxy parliamentarians. In some situations, these assistants appeared to hold more influence than the elected representatives themselves and even made decisions on their behalf. While the parliamentarians were attending sessions in parliament, these shadow figures often acted like the real authority in the constituencies, exercising power as if they were the king or queen of the area. Therefore, the existence of clear and well-enforced codes of conduct is crucial for parliamentarians.
Parliamentarians are human beings and, like anyone else, may find it difficult to resist the influence of power, position, and individuals who constantly flatter them. In previous parliamentary terms, there were cases where parliamentary assistants have been informally appointed and gradually assumed the role of proxy parliamentarians. In certain situations, these assistants appeared to hold more influence than the elected representatives themselves and even made decisions on their behalf. While parliamentarians were attending sessions in parliament, these proxy figures sometimes acted as the real authority in the constituencies, exercising power as if they were the king or queen of the area. Therefore, the existence of clear and well-enforced codes of conduct is crucial for parliamentarians.
Section 120 of the 2008 Constitution of Myanmar and the Election Law define the qualifications required for parliamentarians. In addition, there are fundamental standard codes of conduct and ethical principles which are commonly practised by parliamentarians in many countries around the world. By applying these codes and principles in performing their duties throughout their elected term, parliamentarians can make significant contributions to the country and provide exemplary role models for youths.

This article seeks to highlight these codes and principles underneath:

1. Integrity and Honesty: Parliamentarians must act in the public interest rather than for personal gain. They must avoid bribery and corruption.

2. Accountability: Parliamentarians must be accountable to the public and to voters. They must be able to explain their actions honestly.

3. Transparency: Reports, budget decisions, and policy decisions should be openly presented to the public and voters. They must avoid participating in decisions that involve personal interests.

4. Avoidance of Conflict of Interest: Position as a representative of people must not be used for the benefit of family members, friends, or business partners. If a conflict of interest exists, it must be declared, and the member should withdraw from the decision-making process.

5. Proper Use of Public Resources: Government funds, staff, offices, and travel expenses must only be used for official parliamentary duties.

6. Respect: Parliamentarians must treat fellow members, staff, and citizens with respect. Insults, harassment, and disruptive behaviour must be avoided.

7. Confidentiality: Confidential information obtained through official duties must not be disclosed.

8. Compliance with Laws, Rules and Regulations: Parliamentarians must follow laws, rules, regulations and directives.

9. Commitment to Public Service: They must actively participate in parliamentary sessions, debates, and committee work on behalf of their constituents.

10. Reporting Misconduct: Any unethical or illegal behaviour should be reported to the appropriate authorities.
In conclusion, the responsibilities of parliamentarians extend beyond lawmaking to representing public interests, promoting constituency development, and guiding future generations. Fulfilling these duties effectively requires both strong ethical standards and meaningful engagement with youths. By upholding principles such as integrity, accountability, transparency, and respect, parliamentarians can build public trust and set positive examples for society and youth. At the same time, collaborating with the youth – by listening to their perspectives, involving them in community development, and mentoring them in civic values – can strengthen public participation and produce more responsive policies. When parliamentarians engage and lead the youth with integrity, they not only improve governance today but also help cultivate responsible leaders for tomorrow. Such cooperation lays a strong foundation for sustainable national development and a more inclusive and democratic society in the future.

(Ref: Codes of Conduct for Parliamentarians, A Comparative Study by King Prajadhipok’s Institute for UNDP)

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Sometimes, while going about our daily journeys, we come across scenes that catch our attention. Among these scenes, there are things that make us feel gentle, thoughtful, emotional, or reflective in different ways. I myself am a person who travels and moves about almost every day, so I often encounter such scenes.
In particular, what I frequently see these days are young people in their late teens. When I see these young people, I first notice them, then think about them, and after that, the issue of “youth and rights” begins to occupy my mind.
Once, while I was passing through a market area, I saw two young men. One of them had dyed his hair. The other had his hair styled strangely, with part of it standing up thickly and heavily. In modern terms, it could be called “fashion.” Both of them were wearing T-shirts and jeans. I could not help smiling when I looked at them. The reason was that, as young people, they were making use of the rights that belong to youth.
As for me, I am only around thirty years old. However, because I am a civil servant, I cannot dress and behave as freely and casually as those teenagers. Because of my surroundings, my age, and my awareness, my lifestyle has become more like that of an adult. So, although I am still called a young person, I am no longer a “real” young person.
But are the young people I mentioned earlier real young people? Once, I read in a journal an article criticizing hair styling, hair length, and hair dyeing, saying that these things were blamed on only a small group of people. Young people think in a youthful way, and adults think in an adult way.
What I found was that younger people want to try many different hairstyles. I can accept this as their right. In modern times, fashion in hairstyles is constantly changing, and people naturally follow these trends.
If we think carefully, it can be said that in youth, one should take the rights that one has, but they should be taken with proper limits and self-control. Wearing flashy clothes, dressing in a striking way, piercing ears, and dyeing hair – young people tend to take as many freedoms as they can.
Look at the young girls. Some cut and part their hair in different styles. Some wear clothes so tight that they cling closely to the body. Some dress in strange and unusual ways. Some go out wearing necklaces and bracelets. These, too, may be considered forms of freedom and rights.
When I think about the rights of young people, my mind at first goes to such outward matters. Nowadays, young people also give much importance to external appearance and material things.
About six months ago, I happened to look again at some photographs taken of my friends and me at Yangon Institute of Technology. When I examined them carefully, our group of friends looked just like figures from old films. From this, it is clear that the rights of young people are not only about outward appearance.
The true rights of youth should be based on their youthful qualities, such as being young and tender, being energetic and quick, and being healthy and strong. They should be used to search for life paths and future goals.
For example, at the age of twenty, I could go around freely to find training courses and opportunities. At that time, after finishing school and entering university, I was very eager and curious to learn. I used to move quickly from one place to another, wondering which subject to study and how to study it.
Now, although I am not in my forties or fifties, I can no longer behave like those in their late teens. In everything, I have become more cautious and restrained. It is clear that I can no longer live as lightly and freely as a young person. In this way, some of the rights of youth are gradually lost.
What I want to say is that young people possess great potential and strength. If they use their rights not only for their appearance but also for their own lives and future, and if they express their talents and abilities through the rights of youth, they will surely gain success and achievement.
I would like to say that young people should fully express and make use of their rights during their youth, together with the other rights they possess. Only then can a young person truly be said to be using his or her rights in a complete way.
Once, I read an essay by U Aung Thin, which was written with reference to a book by Saya Maung Sein Win (Padigon). From that essay, I understood that Maung Sein Win, as a writer, had been able to use the rights of youth well. Indeed, it is true. Excitement, love, and sorrow are felt more deeply in youth. When such feelings are transformed into art by creative people, the result becomes powerful and deeply satisfying artistic works. This is a clear example of how a young person’s rights can be used positively in the field of art.
Let us think about other matters as well. The most important of all for young people is education. Although youth and their freedoms seem temporary, they are actually crucial for the future. If a student skips basic education or is absent from university classes, this leads to dropping out and failing to complete courses, and in the end, it becomes difficult to graduate successfully. This is a misuse of one’s rights. Instead of skipping school, attending classes regularly and using one’s youthful intelligence to study subjects seriously is the correct way to use the rights of youth.
Education alone is not enough; we should also consider other areas of life. If a young person thinks, “I am young, I can drink, smoke, fall in love freely, live as I like, fight whenever I want, sleep and eat as I wish, and spend all the money I earn,” and uses all his rights only in this way, then sooner or later he will lose all his rights. Not only that, but he will also lose the rights that young people truly deserve.
Later, when age advances, and a person becomes weaker, he will look back with regret at his younger self and at the younger people around him who are able to act freely, lightly, quickly, and energetically. As for me, although I am no longer a young person, whenever I meet young people, I feel encouraged by their strength and energy, and I gain motivation myself.
In this sense, I believe that I made good use of the valuable rights of youth when I was young. If there are people who wasted their youth by living carelessly, then their regret during adulthood and old age will be even stronger.
As I travel from place to place and observe different scenes in daily life, I feel happy when I see young people who truly and fully use their rights in a proper way. Such young people, I regard as “real youth,” and I respect and admire them. When I see young people who only use their rights for outward appearance and fashion, I feel that they are merely pretending to be young and that they are misusing the rights of youth.
I understand that today’s young people are often judged only by their appearance. However, when I see young people who, without being obsessed with physical beauty or passing trends, use all the rights of youth fully and positively, I feel even more admiration and encouragement for them.
Rights do not come twice. Likewise, youth does not come twice. Therefore, in the only youth that comes to us, we should fully and properly use the valuable and meaningful rights that belong to that stage of life. Only by doing so can life move forward, new opportunities be created, and one’s abilities be developed.
The right to beautify one’s appearance is something that will fade with age. But if we reflect deeply on this, young people who truly understand their rights and use them fully and correctly will surely appear. This is what I strongly believe and sincerely hope.

(Source: Translation of the article written by Hsuu Thit in The Yadanabon Newspaper on 6 February 2026)

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Our Future, Our Responsibility
As youth are the architects of our future world, the anti-corruption process must be built upon active youth participation. Anti-corruption agencies worldwide are increasingly advocating for the involvement of young people in their initiatives. Youth are the leaders of tomorrow, and they bear a profound duty to shape a world that is fair, just, transparent, and independent. Therefore, the fight against corruption must start now with young people. Corruption is not merely a criminal issue; it is a significant barrier to sustainable development that robs today’s younger generation of their rightful opportunities. Thus, today’s youth have a vital responsibility to fight against corruption hand-in-hand with the government. This is not optional – it is essential for creating an integrity-based future with zero-tolerance for corruption.
According to global data, there are over 1.9 billion young people in the world, accounting for approximately 25 per cent of the global population. Young people often feel that corruption directly hits their prospects, pushing them away from essential services like education, healthcare, social and job opportunities, as well as limiting their effective participation in social life. The future of the world is literally in the hands of the youth. If these hands lack integrity, the world will be plagued by impurities and crime. However, by empowering youth and giving them a platform to speak out, we can build an accountable future. Ignoring youth participation only leads to the erosion of trust in governance. If the bond between youth and the state weakens, corruption will continue to drain our resources and our shared future.

The Heart of Myanmar
According to the 2014 Census data, the youth population in Myanmar (aged 15 to 35) accounts for approximately 34 per cent of the total population. These 34 per cent are not merely spectators in the nation’s anti-corruption movement; they are the catalysts for change who accelerate Myanmar’s transition towards a more transparent and accountable society. Recognizing this potential, Myanmar is actively nurturing and training its youth to participate responsibly in social and political affairs. If we take a look at Myanmar’s anti-corruption agenda, we can see a clear and strategic focus on empowering the next generation to lead with integrity. This is being actively implemented through various creative platforms such as “Integrity Camps”, “Edutainment Programmes”, “Youth Talks”, and “Panel Discussions”. These initiatives are designed to instil ethical values in young minds while making the learning process engaging and impactful.
Furthermore, the responsibility to nurture youth is enshrined in the national legal framework. According to Article 28 (d) of the 2008 Constitution, the Union is committed to implementing a modern education system that promotes ‘all-around correct thinking and good moral character,’ both of which are foundational to nation-building. Moreover, Article 33 mandates the Union to strive for youth to possess a dynamic patriotic spirit, correct thinking, and the development of the ‘Five Noble Strengths’ (Bala Nga Dan). Among these, ‘Moral Strength’ is directly linked to the fight against corruption and upholding the ethical guidelines. Corruption is often the result of a breakdown in ethical behaviour; therefore, strengthening the moral fabric of our youth is a constitutional necessity. By prioritizing these values, the Constitution highlights the nation’s duty to cultivate citizens who uphold integrity and ethics as the guardians of a clean society.

Youth Participation in Myanmar
For the anti-corruption tasks, the anti-corruption law was enacted in 2013, and the anti-corruption commission was formed in 2014 in line with the international standards. The vision of the Commission is to promote public prosperity through combating widespread corruption in the country, hand in hand with the people. The Commission is fighting corruption for public prosperity, with a strong belief that this is a national cause. The three key pillars of the commission’s tasks are prevention, awareness raising and investigation. In combating corruption, Proactive prevention is far superior to reactive punishment. Focusing on youth education today is a proactive strategy to prevent future corruption. Instead of relying solely on taking action after a crime has occurred, fostering integrity from a young age ensures that the seeds of corruption never take root.
In Myanmar, leaving no youth behind is a core principle of the anti-corruption agenda. This means that every young person, regardless of their background or location, has a vital role to play in building a culture of integrity. This commitment is solidified by Section 16 (j) of the Anti-Corruption Law (2013), which mandates the Commission to coordinate with relevant departments and organizations to integrate corruption-related awareness lessons into the primary education system. This legal provision serves as the bedrock for a corruption-free future. In accordance with this mandate, the Commission has developed and published comprehensive ‘Teacher Guidebooks’ for primary and middle schools, as well as ‘Integrity Modules’ for high school and university levels. These resources have been systematically distributed to relevant ministries and organizations, ensuring that the seeds of ethics and honesty are sown early in the minds of our future leaders.

Ways to fight against corruption with youth
There are several ways to involve young people in the anti-corruption movement. However, the most effective and key strategies are as follows:
(i) Education and Value-Based Learning – Instilling integrity in young minds since childhood is the most sustainable approach. Integrity education should be integrated into the school curriculum, similar to Civic Education. This nurtures students to become responsible citizens who uphold a zero-tolerance attitude toward corruption throughout their lives. By learning these values early, the next generation will inherently reject unethical practices.
(ii) Active Engagement – Empowering youth by allowing them to participate actively in the fight against corruption is a key factor for success. Through initiatives such as Youth Integrity Clubs, Integrity Camps, and Edutainment Programmes, we provide a platform for young people to express their thoughts and raise their voices. We can nurture youth through essays, poems, and digital arts to spread the message of zero-tolerance towards corruption. These engagements encourage them to speak out against corruption, share creative ideas, and advocate for transparency within their peer groups and communities.
(iii) Digital Empowerment – In this digital age, youth are tech-savvy “Catalysts for Change”. By leveraging social media and various digital tools, young people can lead powerful advocacy campaigns to raise public awareness. Furthermore, we can harness the power of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to distribute anti-corruption knowledge and resources to the youth in real-time. This digital approach ensures that information is accessible, engaging, and capable of reaching a wider audience across the nation.

Anti-Corruption Initiatives in Action
While there are numerous academic and legal definitions of corruption, its essence remains simple: Corruption is fundamentally the unethical action of human beings. It is a reflection of a breakdown in personal integrity and moral values. Integrity is not an innate trait that one is born with; rather, it is a learned behaviour that must be cultivated and practised. Just as a seed needs the right soil and consistent care to grow into a strong tree, the values of honesty and accountability must be nurtured from early childhood. By instilling these ethical habits in young minds, we ensure that integrity becomes a natural part of their character, guiding their decisions throughout their lives.
Beyond policy, the Anti-Corruption Commission is actively nurturing youth integrity through its vibrant Edutainment Programme. By utilizing engaging tools such as integrity-themed songs, poems, visuals, and cartoons, the Commission has successfully bridged the gap between complex legal concepts and young minds. The results are significant: between 2022 and 2025, the Commission conducted over 321 educational programmes across various schools nationwide. Furthermore, the Commission is organizing “Youth Talks”, specifically designed to “give the floor” to young people. These platforms allow youth to freely express their opinions, share their concepts of integrity, and discuss challenges in fighting corruption. These initiatives do more than just inform; they inspire a new generation to embrace honesty as a core value. This massive outreach proves that when integrity is taught with creativity and inclusivity, it resonates deeply with the youth, paving the way for a cleaner and more ethical society.

Engaging the Future Leader
Fighting corruption is not an easy task. It requires a systemic approach and the adoption of a comprehensive strategy that involves every level of society. At the heart of this strategy lies the youth, who are the architects of an integrity-based society. Recognizing this vital role, the United Nations marked International Anti-Corruption Day on December 9, 2025, with the powerful theme: “Uniting with Youth Against Corruption: Shaping Tomorrow’s Integrity”. In alignment with this global movement, Myanmar held a commemorative event in Nay Pyi Taw, which included an awarding ceremony for young winners of national competitions in anti-corruption awareness videos, posters, and paintings. These awards are more than just trophies; they symbolize the nation’s trust in its youth to lead the way towards a transparent and accountable future.
In this commemorative event, Acting President of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and State Security and Peace Commission Chairman Senior General Min Aung Hlaing delivered a significant video message. In his message, he emphasized that: “The Commission will continue implementing awareness programmes and youth dialogue sessions aimed at educating young people, who play an important role in shaping the future, about anti-corruption issues.” This high-level guidance serves as a strategic roadmap for the nation, reaffirming that the empowerment of youth is not just an initiative but a national duty. It underscores the government’s commitment to creating an inclusive environment where the voices of young people are heard, and their role in nation-building is fully recognized.

Let’s Do It Together: A Call to Action
To cultivate a national culture that refuses to tolerate corruption and to prevent misconduct and unethical behaviour, we must start with our youth. The nation is dedicated to nurturing young citizens who uphold integrity and possess the Five Noble Strengths. The fight against corruption is not a sprint, but a marathon – one that requires the relentless energy, unwavering honesty, and deep commitment of the younger generation. As the architects of our future, young people in Myanmar hold the power to dismantle the structures of corruption and replace them with the pillars of transparency and accountability. By integrating integrity into the education system and upholding the constitutional values of moral strength, Myanmar is securing its path towards a prosperous future. Through various Youth Awareness Programmes, we are building a peaceful, just, and strong nation where corruption has no place to stand.
Let’s fight against corruption, hand in hand with the youth!
References – https://www.accm.gov.mm/

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As the French proverb goes, “Rome was not built in a single day”, a saying that dates back to the 12th century, Rome could not have been constructed overnight. In the same way, great accomplishments are never achieved instantly; they require patience, persistence, and sustained effort over time.
Rebuilding a nation is far more complex than even our personal routines. Consider something as simple as changing our bedsheets every two or three weeks. Do we always manage to do it as planned? Personally, I frequently fail, and for many reasons, the task is delayed.
Similarly, constructing a country composed of numerous ethnic groups cannot be completed quickly. It is a monumental endeavour that demands time, careful planning, and the ongoing participation of many generations.
Rebuilding a nation is not a task that any single individual can shoulder alone, much like changing one’s bedsheets or doing the laundry. In the work of nation-building, responsibility does not rest solely on the shoulders of leaders – it belongs to every citizen. Each person must cultivate the willingness to contribute actively, see themselves as an agent of change, and understand clearly the role they can play. For young people in particular, taking initiative and embracing responsibility forms a vital force capable of shaping the nation’s future.
A nation’s development does not rest solely on natural resources or political power. True development is grounded in stability, justice, and equality for all. These are the bedrock of any country. Yet, the mere presence of these foundations does not automatically lead to national development. For the machinery of a state built upon these foundations to function effectively, the active participation of every citizen across all sectors is indispensable for a country’s development. Each individual must endeavour to contribute to the nation in accordance with their own talents and capacities. Moreover, it is essential to respect the law and to fulfil one’s civic duties conscientiously.

Youths & Civic Duties
“Civic duty” refers to the responsibilities and obligations that a citizen must undertake for the benefit of society and the nation. For example, obligations such as respecting and obeying the law or paying taxes are mandatory and must be fulfilled. At the same time, actions like voting, engaging in volunteer work, and honouring the rights and opinions of others are voluntary responsibilities – carried out willingly, guided by personal choice and commitment.
Every citizen carries a responsibility for the development of their nation. Among them, young people deserve particular emphasis, for they are the ones who will shoulder the most crucial roles in shaping the country’s future.
First and foremost, young people are the driving force who will shape the nation’s future with their full energy and intellectual capacity. It is therefore especially important for them to fulfil their civic duties. In addition, they should actively exercise their rights to education and healthcare and strive to develop their full potential, becoming capable and well-qualified individuals. The attitudes, behavior and mindset of today’s youth will ultimately determine the image of the nation tomorrow.
Secondly, young people possess the ability to engage meaningfully in social and community work. In Myanmar, for instance, when natural disasters such as floods, fires, or earthquakes strike, youth often step forward as volunteers to assist in rescue and relief efforts. Their active involvement in such endeavours stands as a powerful example of fulfilling one’s civic duties.
Thirdly, young people serve as guardians of the public values and properties. Across towns and villages in Myanmar, youth groups come together to carry out activities such as street cleaning and environmental conservation. These collective efforts demonstrate their sense of responsibility to create public values.
Furthermore, it is essential for young people to become law-abiding and responsible citizens. By adhering to school rules, obeying traffic regulations, and learning from a young age not to damage public property, they contribute positively to society as a whole. We ‌have learnt an important lesson: while it may take great effort and time to build something, it can be destroyed very easily, highlighting the value of responsibility and care in preserving what has been created.
In summary, young people are the lifeblood of the nation and the architects of its future, making it vital for them to actively embrace and fulfil their civic duties. When the sense of responsibility of each young individual combines into a collective force, we can be confident that the nation’s future will shine ever brighter.
The future of a nation lies in the hands of its youth. Therefore, if every young person understands their responsibilities and participates with wisdom, discernment, and the ability to distinguish right from wrong, they can gradually help build a stable, strong, and just nation. By listening to sound advice, showing respect, and collectively upholding fundamental values, young people can foster unity within the country. In this way, the intelligence and harmony of the youth become crucial factors in advancing and strengthening the nation.

Social Changes Emerging Among Today’s Youth
In today’s era, society has grown increasingly attentive to the actions, behaviours, and social attitudes of young people. Modern youth are more willing to question injustice, form independent opinions, and resist practices they perceive as impractical. At the same time, respect toward parents, teachers, elders, and traditional customs has noticeably declined.
This trend is particularly evident online and on social media, where harsh language and blame are often used to gain more likes and views. Such behaviours not only harm cultural values but also raise serious concerns regarding interpersonal relationships and social cohesion.
An excessive focus on “likes, views, followers”, and similar online metrics has eroded young people’s real-life social skills. As interpersonal communication weakens, misunderstandings between individuals increase, giving rise to greater mistrust. When thoughts and feelings that should be shared within a community are withheld or expressed inaccurately, conflicts become more likely to occur.
Furthermore, divisions between groups may emerge, diminishing the spirit of collaboration. In any society, without mutual understanding, trust, and cooperation, social cohesion inevitably suffers.
In the age of globalization, constantly following the information delivered by the smartphones in our hands has led to a decline in interest in our traditional culture, literature, and history. Young people increasingly adopt foreign cultural practices without reflection, which poses a serious risk of eroding their own cultural identity.
Furthermore, a noticeable decline in responsibility and perseverance among young people has been observed in workplaces. When faced with difficulties, some tend to give up easily, showing less willingness to strive for long-term goals in their careers and education. A mindset that seeks quick results through shortcuts further exacerbates this problem.
On the other hand, an increasing focus on self-interest and self-centeredness among young people has become a matter of serious concern. The mindset of “as long as it works out for me” has become more common, while the willingness to engage in socially beneficial activities or to consider the welfare of others has declined. Such changes in perspective can undermine social cohesion and trust within the community.
The role of each young person is vital in restoring the social values of youth. Fame and likes on social media should not be treated as measures of self-worth; instead, young people should build their value through truly useful skills and abilities. The ability to persevere and work diligently towards goals that do not yield immediate success enhances personal and social worth. Moreover, accepting differing opinions and engaging in respectful discussions can strengthen social cohesion and cultural values.
Education is a fundamental human right that must be made available to every child. Through learning, individuals develop the ability to think critically, solve problems, and make informed decisions throughout life. Educated youth enjoy greater opportunities in selecting careers and are better equipped to shape their own lives independently. Every child and young person should have the freedom to access education without restriction. Moreover, educated youth are more capable of understanding social issues and becoming responsible, engaged citizens. In this way, education benefits not only the individual but also fosters the development of society and secures the future of the nation as a whole.
Furthermore, under the current circumstances of unstable social conditions, generational limitations, political and economic pressures, and the lack of understanding from parents and elders are all factors that can negatively influence the behaviour and perspectives of young people.
Therefore, rather than criticizing young people, it is important to understand them, provide guidance, and create a positive environment. Doing so will help shape a better and stronger society in the future.
At the same time, parents, teachers, and elders should also seek to understand the difficulties faced by young people. By creating an environment where they can be listened to and guided, rather than judged or criticized youths’ sense of responsibility and respect can naturally flourish.
In conclusion, the evolving social values of today’s Myanmar youth can be restored only through understanding, guidance, and trust. At the same time, young people themselves must learn to exercise their rights, accept their responsibilities, acknowledge and correct their mistakes, consider the advice of elders, and actively participate in socially beneficial activities. When society recognizes that youth are a vital resource for the future, and when young people understand their own value and demonstrate responsibility and mutual respect, a truly meaningful and socially cohesive community can emerge. In an environment where both elders and youth interact constructively, combining the wisdom of experience with the creativity of the younger generation, the progress and development of our nation can accelerate.

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Myanmar is preparing for another important election that will decide the country’s future direction. This election is especially meaningful because a large number of young people will be voting for the first time. Many of them have grown up in a changing society and are eager to take part in the democratic process. Their voices represent new hopes, ideas, and dreams for a better nation. When young people participate actively, they bring energy and creativity to politics. They can help promote fairness, equality, and progress in their communities. Every vote cast by a young citizen is a step towards building a stronger democracy. Therefore, youth participation is not just a right – it is a responsibility. The decisions made today will affect their future, so young voters in Myanmar need to stand up, speak out, and help shape the nation’s path forward.

Myanmar’s Youth Demographic
In Myanmar, young people make up a large part of the population and are becoming an important force in shaping the country’s future. According to recent reports, about one-third of Myanmar’s people are between the ages of 15 and 35. This means millions of young citizens will have the chance to influence the next election. With their numbers and energy, youth can play a major role in deciding who leads the country and what policies are made. Many young voters care deeply about education, job opportunities, technology, and justice. If they vote actively, political parties will have to listen to their voices and create plans that meet their needs. On the other hand, if they stay silent, their future may be decided by others. Therefore, the participation of young people is not only powerful but also necessary for Myanmar’s democratic growth and national development.

Why First-Time Votes Matter
First-time voters play a vital role in every election because they bring new ideas, hopes, and energy into the political process. Most of them are young and eager to see positive change in their country. Their votes often reflect the dreams of a new generation that values fairness, peace, and progress. Unlike older voters, they are not tied to traditions or political habits, so they can think independently and choose leaders who represent their vision for the future. The decisions made by first-time voters can shape the direction of a nation for many years. Their choices influence government policies on education, jobs, technology, and social equality. When they vote responsibly, they help build a stronger democracy and encourage accountability among leaders. Therefore, every first-time vote matters; it is a voice of hope and a powerful step toward a better and more inclusive Myanmar.

Challenges Faced by Young Voters
Although young people in Myanmar have great potential to influence elections, they also face many challenges that limit their participation. One major problem is the lack of civic education. Many students do not fully understand how elections work or why their vote is important. This leads to low awareness and confidence in taking part. Another challenge is misinformation, especially on social media, where false news can easily confuse first-time voters. Some youth also feel political apathy because they believe their votes will not make a difference. Moreover, there is a clear gap between urban and rural areas. Young people in cities often have better access to the internet, news, and voter education programs, while those in rural areas receive less information and fewer opportunities to engage. To build a stronger democracy, these barriers must be reduced so all young voters can make informed and active choices.

Youth-Led Movements and Civic Engagement
In recent years, young people in Myanmar have become strong voices for change and accountability. Many youth organizations have also focused on community service, helping displaced families, promoting education, and raising awareness about human rights. In ethnic regions, young people such as Kayin and Kachin youth have worked to protect their land, culture, and environment. These actions show that Myanmar’s youth are not only demanding political reform but also working to build a fair and inclusive society. Their courage and teamwork reflect a deep desire for accountability, freedom, and progress. Through civic engagement, Myanmar’s young generation continues to shape the nation’s path toward a more hopeful and democratic future.

Creating a Culture of Participation
To strengthen democracy in Myanmar, it is important to create a culture where young people actively take part in elections and civic life. One effective way is through peer influence, when friends and classmates discuss voting, it motivates others to do the same. Social media campaigns can also inspire youth by sharing real stories, short videos, and messages that highlight the power of every vote. In schools, civic education programmes and student-led activities can teach the value of participation and help first-time voters understand their rights and responsibilities. Families, teachers, and community leaders also play key roles by guiding young people to think critically and make informed choices. Civil society organizations can organize workshops and youth dialogues to promote trust and engagement. When everyone works together, voting becomes more than a duty – it becomes a shared commitment to shaping Myanmar’s future with responsibility and hope.

Vision for Myanmar’s Future Through Youth Voices
Myanmar’s young generation dreams of a future filled with peace, progress, and opportunity. Many young people hope for better education, where learning is creative and accessible for all. Others wish for environmental protection, clean cities, and sustainable development that safeguards the country’s natural beauty. Job creation and fair employment are also key goals, as youth want to build stable and meaningful lives at home rather than abroad. These hopes can only become reality through active participation in democracy. By voting, young citizens can choose leaders who value education, protect the environment, and create opportunities for youth empowerment. Every vote is a way to express these dreams and turn them into action.

A Call to Action
As the election approaches, it is time for young people across Myanmar to step forward with confidence and purpose. Every single vote has the power to influence the direction of the nation. Youth voices are not just important; they are essential for creating meaningful change. By voting, young citizens can turn their hopes for education, peace, equality, and progress into real results. This is the moment to speak up, take responsibility, and show that the new generation is ready to lead. Your voice matters. Your choice shapes Myanmar. Together, young voters can build the nation they truly believe in.

GNLM

As dawn broke across Myanmar on 27 July, students, families, and teachers gathered at schools and examination centres to receive the long-awaited results of the 2025 matriculation examination. Out of 207,898 candidates, 99,924 passed, yielding a national pass rate of 48.06 per cent. For many, the day brought celebration. For others, quiet disappointment. But beneath the surface of these numbers lies a deeper story — one that challenges how we define success and how we support those who fall outside its conventional frame.
In a society where achievement is often measured by grades and distinctions, the term “non-achiever” has become a label too easily applied, and too rarely questioned. Yet for every student whose name didn’t appear on the pass list, there exists a reservoir of potential, unseen, unmeasured, and often misunderstood.
This is where mentors and life coaches become vital. They are not architects of ambition, but gardeners of growth. Their role is not to push youth towards a singular goal, but to help them discover their own compass. For those who didn’t pass, the options are not closed; they are simply different. Vocational training, creative arts, community engagement, and entrepreneurial exploration offer paths where academic metrics may have failed to capture true capability.
Mentors help reframe the narrative. “Underperforming” becomes “underexplored.” Life coaches guide young people through emotional terrain, teaching resilience not as endurance, but as graceful recovery. They celebrate micro-achievements: the courage to try again, the strength to speak up, the wisdom to reflect. These are not lesser victories; they are the foundations of lifelong growth.
In earthquake-affected regions like Mandalay, where students faced additional challenges and retook exams in June, the resilience shown was extraordinary. Even in adversity, distinctions were earned, and spirits remained unbroken. This is a reminder that achievement is not always loud; it can be quiet, persistent, and deeply personal.
As Myanmar reflects on this year’s results, let us also reflect on the stories behind the scores. Let us honour the mentors who walk beside the youth, not ahead of them. And let us remember that the garden beyond the gate is vast, filled with paths that may not lead to trophies, but to transformation.

Understanding the divide between progress and regression can unlock the path to personal development and collective success.

At every stage of life, we face a crucial choice: to move forward or fall back, to progress or regress. While the two paths may seem clearly opposed, the difference between them often lies in subtle decisions, shaped by mindset, habits, and environment. Recognizing and aligning this difference isn’t just a mental exercise; it’s a powerful tool that can steer our lives towards self-betterment and broader success. In this essay, drawn from both personal experiences and everyday observations, I explore how an honest awareness of our direction — whether advancing or retreating — can empower us to cultivate resilience, embrace growth, and contribute meaningfully to the world around us.
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, progress is defined as “forward or onward movement towards a destination” or “development towards an improved or more advanced condition”. In contrast, regress or regression refers to “a return to a former or less developed state”. While “progress” implies movement towards growth, improvement, and success, “regress” signals a fallback — often unintentional — to previous states that may be less effective, less informed, or even harmful. In Burmese, “progress” may be best translated as တိုးတက်မှု (toe-tet-hmu), capturing the spirit of advancement or upliftment, while “regress” aligns closely with နောက်ကျခြင်း (naut-kya-jin) or နောက်ပြန်ဆုတ်ခြင်း (naut-pyan-sote-jin), reflecting decline or retreat. Understanding these terms in both English and our native tongue helps us grasp not just their dictionary meanings but also their deeper implications in our personal development journey.
A Personal Journey of Progress: From Folktales to Dictionaries
My own journey of personal development began in earnest during the summer of 1979, after I passed the matriculation examination. With six or seven months of free time before the next phase of education, I was determined not to let the precious interval slip by idly. Encouraged by my mother, I picked up a Burmese folktales booklet by Dr Htin Aung — a title she and my father had studied in their school days. That small volume sparked in me a greater hunger for learning, especially in the realm of language.
Recognizing this drive, my father gave me one of his most treasured possessions: U Tun Nyein’s English-Burmese Dictionary. It became my starting point — not just for vocabulary-building, but for shaping a deeper understanding of the English language. At 16, however, I faced steep challenges. Many of the words and expressions I encountered were far beyond the grasp of my school-level curriculum. I lacked the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary at that time, a resource I would come to value and use extensively later during my university years, when I majored in English Language and Literature at Rangoon University.
Yet, despite the difficulties, I pressed on. I wrestled with unfamiliar words, copied definitions, built mental flashcards, and slowly but surely, built up a basic yet solid foundation in English. That summer became a quiet turning point. By the time I enrolled in Regional College 1 in Botahtaung in 1980, I could already feel the fruit of my efforts. It was not just a memory of a youthful pastime — it was a clear marker of progress, earned through dedication and discipline. No steps were taken backwards, no signs of regression. Instead, what emerged was a growing sense of capability and confidence — the very essence of what personal development means.
From Foundation to Fulfilment: The Long Arc of Growth
The progress I made during that formative summer did not end with the mastery of new vocabulary or the satisfaction of overcoming academic hurdles. It laid the groundwork for much more — a mindset of persistence, a respect for learning, and a readiness to face unfamiliar challenges. These traits proved invaluable as I continued my studies at university, and later, as I took on diverse roles in life, including working as a seafarer and serving as an editor. Whether navigating the vastness of the sea or the precision of the written word, I came to understand that personal development is not a one-time achievement but a continual process. Each step forward, no matter how small, adds to a larger arc of growth, and even in times of uncertainty, it is the commitment to progress that keeps us from slipping into regression. Looking back, I see how one decision — to use a summer break as a stepping stone — shaped the course of my life in ways I never could have predicted then.
Lifelong Learning at Sea and in the Newsroom
My commitment to progress continued well beyond the classroom. As a seafarer, I seized every opportunity to improve my English on board the vessel. Surrounded by the language of international communication, I immersed myself in the terminology of the sea — learning words and phrases related to navigation, cargo handling, deck and engine operations, and maritime correspondence. Though I served in the humble capacity of an Ordinary Seaman (OS), my growing language skills allowed me to make meaningful contributions. I often provided what I like to call “assists” — borrowing the term from sports — by helping my Burmese officers with English-language correspondence to the shipping company. These contributions were not only appreciated but also reaffirmed my belief that any progress, no matter the role or rank, can lead to real value.
Later, as I took on the role of an editor, I brought the same hunger for growth to my professional life. Editing foreign news stories from agencies like AP, Reuters, TASS, and Yonhap, I never allowed myself to plateau. I refused to stay confined within a “comfort zone”. Instead, I observed, learned, and absorbed everything I could from my senior editors — from word choices to editorial ethics and precision in news language. I saw every article not just as a task to complete, but as an opportunity to improve my craft. I remained consistent, yes — but not stagnant. I advanced in my ability, judgement, and responsibility.
These experiences taught me that progress is not about grand leaps. It is about small, steady steps forward — steps that accumulate and shape not only the individual but also the community they serve. That’s why I hope younger generations will not settle for consistency alone, and certainly not for regression. True personal development demands courage to move beyond comfort zones, to keep learning, adapting, and evolving for the benefit of oneself and the society in which one lives.
Conclusion: Choosing Progress, Not Passivity
Progress or regress — the path we choose defines the life we live. My journey, from a teenage learner wrestling with a dictionary to a seafarer navigating international communication, and later, an editor shaping the national news narrative, is a testament to what consistent effort and a refusal to settle can yield. The difference between moving forward and falling back is not marked by circumstances alone but by our will to grow, even in the face of challenge. I believe each of us holds the power to choose progress, not just for personal gain, but for the betterment of the society we are part of. To the younger generation, my message is simple yet sincere: never stop learning, never cling to comfort, and never let regression become a habit. In forging your own path, let the spirit of progress guide you steadily, purposefully, and relentlessly.
“Small deeds done are better than great deeds planned.”— Peter Marshall
This quote reminds us that progress often begins not with ambition alone, but with action, consistent, quiet, and determined.
သင့်မြတ်လျော်ကန်တဲ့ တိုးတက်မှုဆိုတာ ကိုယ်ကိုတိုင်ကိုသာမက လူမှုအသိုင်းအဝိုင်း တခုလုံးကိုလည်း မြှင့်တင်ပေးနိုင်ပါတယ်။
(True, appropriate progress uplifts not only the individual but also the entire community around them.)

Photo - Medium

Preamble
This reflection captures the essence of traditional Asian values and their quiet yet powerful form of strength. When placed in the context of the younger generation of Asians growing up in the Western world, it takes on added layers of complexity, resilience, and transformation.

Whispers of Strength in a Louder World
For young Asians raised in the West — children of immigrants or those born into diasporic communities — strength often wears many faces. Yes, it still whispers through discipline, perseverance, and deference, but it also must learn to speak up, to navigate cultures that value expression, autonomy, and visibility.
In Western classrooms, where individuality is often prized over conformity, many young Asians juggle dual expectations: the silent grind expected at home and the confident self-advocacy celebrated at school. The phrase “Dripping water hollows stone” still echoes — but now, the drip has to find its rhythm between two cultural worlds.

The Silent Curriculum: Discipline and Duty
Asian families in the West continue to carry forward a deep respect for education, but here, it’s often interpreted differently. To Western peers, success might seem like overachievement — violin lessons, perfect grades, coding at age 10. But behind this is an unspoken narrative: to honour the sacrifices of parents who came with little, to carry forward centuries of values in a land that often doesn’t fully understand them.
Education becomes not just an academic pursuit but a moral mission, where discipline is a birthright, not a burden. This can lead to quiet but fierce resilience — the kind that keeps going when no one’s watching, the kind that measures progress in small, daily victories.

Bicultural Brains, Multilingual Minds
Growing up in homes where English blends with Cantonese, Urdu, Tagalog, Tamil, Burmese, or Korean, young Asians develop more than just bilingual skills — they build mental flexibility. This mental code-switching doesn’t just help in conversations; it translates to a more adaptive mindset, one that can switch between worldviews, navigate nuance, and read the unspoken, crucial skills in a multicultural world.

The Pressure Paradox
High expectations — from family and community — can be both a torch and a weight. Many young Asians in the West feel caught between wanting to meet those expectations and yearning to explore paths less “acceptable” to tradition (like art, activism, or unconventional careers). This creates internal conflict, but also rich soil for growth, where identity is self-forged, not just inherited.
They are learning to blend Eastern endurance with Western self-expression, to be strong not just in silence but also in story, advocacy, and leadership.
Where Growth Truly Happens
So, what happens when bamboo is planted in different soil? It doesn’t just bend or break — it adapts. It might grow with new shoots, different leaves, or in unexpected directions, but it still carries the strength of its roots.
For young Asians in the West, success isn’t just survival or assimilation. It’s synthesis. It’s saying: “I carry the quiet strength of my ancestors, but I also find new ways to speak it.”

In Summary
• Hard work, family honour, and persistence are still foundational values — but they must coexist with individualism, freedom of expression, and evolving identity.
• Multilingual and multicultural upbringings sharpen cognitive and emotional flexibility.
• The pressure to excel is real, but it is slowly transforming into a desire to redefine excellence on one’s own terms.
• The new Asian generation is learning to nurture intelligence and wisdom, both through heritage and choice.
And in that delicate balance, a new kind of strength is blooming — still quiet at times, but also learning to roar when it needs to.

Source: GNLM

Introduction 

Social media is a big part of youth culture, offering both opportunities and challenges. Imagine using social media not just to connect with friends, but to learn, grow, and express yourself creatively. This article explores how social media impacts youth and provides tips for navigating the digital world responsibly. 

Positive Effects of Social Media

Social media helps youth stay connected with friends and family. A Pew Research study found that 81 percent of teens feel more connected to their friends through social media. It offers educational resources, like online courses and study groups, and is a platform for creativity, where youth can share their talents and passions. 

Consider Emily, a high school student who uses Instagram to showcase her photography. Through social media, she connected with professional photographers who provided feedback and mentorship, helping her improve her skills. 

Negative Effects of Social Media 

However, social media can also have downsides. Cyber bullying and online harassment are significant issues. A study found that 34 percent of students experienced cyber bullying. Social media can exacerbate mental health issues like anxiety, depression, and FOMO (fear of missing out). The APA reports that more social media use correlates with higher rates of mental health issues. Excessive screen time can also lead to addiction, affecting physical health and school performance. 

Take Jake, who found himself constantly comparing his life to others on social media. This led to feelings of inadequacy and depression. By taking a break from social media and focusing on real-life connections, Jake was able to improve his mental health. 

Social Media and Identity Formation 

Social media plays a crucial role in identity formation. It can boost self-esteem through positive interactions but also negatively impact body image and self-worth due to unrealistic beauty standards. A study found that exposure to idealized images on social media can lead to body dissatisfaction. Developing digital literacy and critical thinking skills is essential for navigating these challenges. 

Sarah’s story is a good example. She struggled with body image issues due to the perfect images she saw on social media. By following body-positive accounts and learning about digital manipulation, Sarah developed a healthier self-image. 

Privacy and Safety 

Protecting personal information online is crucial. Only 40 percent of teens use privacy settings on social media. Understanding data usage and recognizing online predators are critical components of staying safe online. The FBI reported a rise in online exploitation cases involving minors, highlighting the need for awareness and caution. 

Consider Mia, who learned the importance of privacy settings after a stranger tried to contact her. She adjusted her settings to be more private and shared her experience with friends, promoting safer online practices. 

Balancing Online and Offline Life

Maintaining a healthy balance between online and offline life is crucial. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends limiting screen time to less than two hours per day. Strategies for reducing screen time include setting limits and prioritizing offline activities. Encouraging physical activities, hobbies, and face-to-face interactions promotes well-being. 

Think about Alex, who realized he was spending too much time online. He set daily limits on his screen time and took up hiking. The physical activity and time spent in nature significantly improved his mood and overall well-being. 

Parental and Educational Roles 

Parents and educators play key roles in guiding responsible social media use. Studies show that teens who discuss online activities with parents make safer choices. Schools can implement digital citizenship programs, teaching students about the ethical and safe use of technology. 

For instance, Lucy’s school started a digital literacy program that taught students about online safety and responsible use. Lucy found the program helpful and shared what she learned with her younger siblings. 

Conclusion

Social media’s impact on youth is complex. By promoting mindful use and fostering digital literacy, youth can navigate the digital world effectively. Remember, you have the power to control your online experience. Use social media as a tool to enrich your life, and stay balanced by engaging in meaningful offline activities. With support from parents and educators, you can create a balanced and safe online environment that supports healthy development. Encouraging responsible use and open communication maximizes the benefits and minimizes the risks of social media. 

YTM

Source: Myawady Daily Newspaper